A systems language focused on memory safety, performance, and concurrency without a garbage collector.
Getting Started
Rust is a compiled language that guarantees memory safety through ownership and borrowing rules. It is well-suited for systems work, CLI tools, and high-performance services.
Installation
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
rustup default stable
rustc --version
Hello World
fn main() {
println!("Hello, Rust!");
}
Build and run with cargo run.
Ownership & Borrowing
Ownership is Rust's core safety mechanism.
let s = String::from("hello");
let t = s; // move occurs here
// s is no longer valid
println!("{}", t);
Borrowing lets you reference values without taking ownership.
fn length(s: &String) -> usize {
s.len()
}
let s = String::from("hello");
println!("{}", length(&s));
Pattern Matching
match is exhaustive and powerful.
enum Shape {
Circle(f64),
Rectangle { width: f64, height: f64 },
}
fn area(shape: Shape) -> f64 {
match shape {
Shape::Circle(radius) => std::f64::consts::PI * radius * radius,
Shape::Rectangle { width, height } => width * height,
}
}
Option & Result
fn divide(a: f64, b: f64) -> Result<f64, String> {
if b == 0.0 {
Err(String::from("division by zero"))
} else {
Ok(a / b)
}
}
match divide(4.0, 2.0) {
Ok(value) => println!("{}", value),
Err(err) => println!("Error: {}", err),
}
Cargo & Crates
Cargo is Rust's package manager and build tool.
cargo new my-app
cd my-app
cargo build
cargo test
Dependencies are declared in Cargo.toml:
[dependencies]
serde = "1.0"
